ARTICLE: 1-Year Incidence of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease Among Household Contacts of Rifampin- and Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis
AUTHORS: Sonya Krishnan, Xingye Wu, Soyeon Kim, Katie McIntire, Linda Naini, Michael D Hughes, Rodney Dawson, Vidya Mave, Sanjay Gaikwad, Jorge Sanchez, Alberto Mendoza-Ticona, Pedro Gonzales, Kyla Comins, Justin Shenje, Sandy Nerette Fontain, Ayotunde Omozoarhe, Lerato Mohapi, Umesh G Lalloo, Ana Cristina Garcia Ferreira, Christopher Mugah, Mark Harrington, N Sarita Shah, Anneke C Hesseling, Gavin Churchyard, Susan Swindells, Amita Gupta; AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5300/International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials I2003 Protecting Households on Exposure to Newly Diagnosed Index Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Patients Feasibility Study Team* (Additional study group members are listed in the Acknowledgment section)
JOURNAL: Clin Infect Dis. 2023 Sep 18;77(6):892-900. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad301.
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis infection (TBI) and TB disease (TBD) incidence remains poorly described following household contact (HHC) rifampin-/multidrug-resistant TB exposure. We sought to characterize TBI and TBD incidence at 1 year in HHCs and to evaluate TB preventive treatment (TPT) use in high-risk groups.
Methods: We previously conducted a cross-sectional study of HHCs with rifampin-/multidrug-resistant TB in 8 high-burden countries and reassessed TBI (interferon-gamma release assay, HHCs aged ≥5 years) and TBD (HHCs all ages) at 1 year. Incidence was estimated across age and risk groups (<5 years; ≥5 years, diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]; ≥5 years, not diagnosed with HIV/unknown, baseline TBI-positive) by logistic or log-binomial regression fitted using generalized estimating equations.
Results: Of 1016 HHCs, 850 (83.7%) from 247 households were assessed (median, 51.4 weeks). Among 242 HHCs, 52 tested interferon-gamma release assay-positive, yielding a 1-year 21.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.7-27.4) TBI cumulative incidence. Sixteen of 742 HHCs developed confirmed (n = 5), probable (n = 3), or possible (n = 8) TBD, yielding a 2.3% (95% CI, 1.4-3.8) 1-year cumulative incidence (1.1%; 95% CI, .5-2.2 for confirmed/probable TBD). TBD relative risk was 11.5-fold (95% CI, 1.7-78.7), 10.4-fold (95% CI, 2.4-45.6), and 2.9-fold (95% CI, .5-17.8) higher in age <5 years, diagnosed with HIV, and baseline TBI high-risk groups, respectively, vs the not high-risk group (P = .0015). By 1 year, 4% (21 of 553) of high-risk HHCs had received TPT.
Conclusions: TBI and TBD incidence continued through 1 year in rifampin-/multidrug-resistant TB HHCs. Low TPT coverage emphasizes the need for evidence-based prevention and scale-up, particularly among high-risk groups.
For the full article, click here.
For a link to the abstract, click here.
